Nanniwan in summer，Full of greenery，Full of life。Standing on the towering pagoda mountain and looking around，Under the blue sky and white clouds, surrounded by green mountains、Green water surrounded by green water。In the past，Those yellow ravines and ridges filled with desolation and sadness，Lush green barriers have been laid out。

This green barrier，It is Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province that has carried out comprehensive land consolidation in the past 10 years，The fruitful fruits of the ecological protection project of gully control and land reclamation on the Loess Plateau，It not only provides high-quality land foundation for local ecological agriculture，Turn thousands of ravines into fertile farmland with stable and high yields，Let the common people truly enjoy the "green benefits" brought by the construction of ecological civilization。

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As the old saying goes: Everything is born from soil。Land is the basis for human survival，It is the foundation of people’s livelihood、The foundation of development。

Yan'an is located in the hilly and ravine area of ​​the Loess Plateau，Land area 3.70,000 square kilometers，It is one of the areas with the most severe soil erosion in my country，It is also a typical ecologically fragile zone in my country。Risky valleys in the area、More ditches and less land，Special geographical location and landform，Restricting the development of local agriculture and economy。

“Stability in the countryside will lead to peace in the world,Agriculture has a solid foundation,If farmers are prosperous, the country will prosper。"Creating a green road on the barren Loess Plateau where agricultural industry and ecological environment complement each other，Is an important proposition for Yan’an to achieve high-quality development。In fact，Many ditches are the source of soil erosion，There are potential land resources that can be used，The thousands of ravines on the Northern Shaanxi Plateau contain huge potential to increase the amount of cultivated land and food production。

Conversion of farmland to forests that lasted for more than 20 years、Closing mountains and prohibiting grazing，Let Yan’an become green mountains、Clear water。Data display，As of the end of 2017，Yan’an’s vegetation coverage rate reaches 81.3%，An increase of 35% compared to 2000.3%。20 years，The cadres and masses of Yan'an face the overall fragility of the ecological environment, which is a constraint on development，Vigorously convert farmland into forests、Greening barren hills，A total of 1077 completed conversion of farmland to forest.460,000 acres，The land of Yan'an has experienced the arduous process of ecological restoration from yellow to green，The barren mountains and ridges on the Loess Plateau have become history。

But food is the most important thing for the people、Food is based on soil，Although the ecological project of returning farmland to forest has improved the ecological environment，Let there be more animals and plants on the mountain、Less wind and sand，The mud will not wash down the mountain in heavy rain，The flood will not wash out the ditch。For farmers，There is less land for farming，It is difficult to improve living standards and income。What to do？

There is no shortage of land in northern Shaanxi，What is lacking is high-standard basic farmland，Especially the flat dam land in the channel。Faced with the reduction of cultivated land，In order to ensure farmers’ income increase、Increased grain production，Yan’an Municipal Party Committee、The municipal government based on full research and demonstration，For the special landforms in the hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau，Proposed ditch management and land reclamation, a new ditch management model that integrates the development and utilization of idle land in ditches and ecological construction。

According to introduction，Ditch control and land creation are based on geographical and landform characteristics，Utilize modern engineering methods，Collect farmland、Canal Dam、Cutting slope、Road construction、Afforestation as one，A new land consolidation dafabet loginmodel to solve the impact of drought and flood disasters on agricultural production，It was the people of Yan'an who returned farmland to forests in the hilly and ravine areas of the Loess Plateau，Another innovative move to develop modern agriculture and ecological protection。

2009，Zichang County took the lead in starting a pilot project of channel land construction in Xishangou，Remarkable results。2011，Shaanxi Provincial Government Jiangzichang County、Yanchuan County and Baota District have been designated as pilot counties and districts for ditch control and land reclamation in the province，And extend the experience to other districts and counties in Yan'an City。Subsequently，Ministry of Finance、The former Ministry of Land and Resources listed Yan’an City’s ditch control and land reclamation as a major national land consolidation project，The project involves 197 sub-projects in 13 counties and districts in Yan'an，Construction scale 50.670,000 acres，Total investment 48.3.2 billion yuan。

December 2011，The then Vice President Xi Jinping gave an important instruction: ditching and land reclamation is a new measure of Yan'an City，For increasing the cultivated land area in the Loess Plateau、Ensuring food security、Protect the ecological environment、Promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside is of positive significance。

Practical proof，Implementation of ditch control and land reclamation project，Greatly improved agricultural production conditions，By leveling the land、Expand field size、Comprehensively improve the drainage and irrigation system、Repairing field roads、Measures such as improving salinization and increasing soil fertility，Not only added new cultivated land area，Increased land quality level，Realized the mechanized operation of agriculture，Increase farmers’ income，At the same time, we also consolidated the results of returning farmland to forests，Further reducing local soil erosion，Realized ecological environment protection and sustainable development of local agriculture。

“After the implementation of large-scale conversion of farmland into forests，Agricultural production and cultivated land are mostly diverted to ditches。Creation of land through channels，Not only consolidated the results of returning farmland to forest，It also promoted the increase in grain production and farmers’ income。”Deputy Director of Yan’an Natural Resources Bureau、Liu Xiaofei, director of the ditch control and land reclamation office said，"Return farmland to forest on mountains，Construction of ditches and land at the foot of the mountain。The spatial layout and functions of these two projects，Work together to build ecological security in the hilly and ravine areas of the Loess Plateau、Farmland Protection、A new platform to increase farmers’ income。”

"Mud Bend" reappears as "Northern Shaanxi and Jiangnan"

"Rumble...Rumble..." The roar of machinery sounded in the fields of Nanniwan。

Farming season，Nanniwan Town, located 45 kilometers southeast of Yan'an City, is a busy scene，Agricultural equipment is plowing in the vast rice fields。Not only busy with farming，The red scenic area is also full of vitality，There is an endless stream of tourists from all over the country，People stop in the rice fields，Reviewing the history of revolution，Relive the beautiful scenery of "Northern Shaanxi and Jiangnan" back then。

"Before land consolidation，I use this land to grow corn，The land is difficult to cultivate，The harvest is not good and the labor is wasted，Not much harvest in one year，My family’s life depends entirely on working outside the home。”Recalling the past，Zhang Gaiqing, a villager in Jiulongquan Village, Nanniwan Town, is indeed troubled，“But after land consolidation，All agricultural planting can be automated mechanically，The yield per mu has also increased significantly。Coupled with the land reclamation, the environment has been greatly improved，The scenery of Nanniwan has become more beautiful，More and more people come to visit，Set up a stall in the scenic area to sell some Nanniwan millet、Souvenirs, etc.，Now the monthly income can reach 3,000 yuan，The family is financially wealthy，Life is getting better and better。”

Who would have thought，The scenery in front of you is picturesque，Nanniwan crowded with tourists，It was still barren and barren a few years ago、The overgrown "Mud Bay"。

Nanniwan is the birthplace of Yan’an spirit，It is also the birthplace of China’s agricultural reclamation industry。1941，The 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army launched the famous large-scale production movement in Nanniwan，The officers and soldiers spent more than three years turning "Lanni Bay" into "Miliangchuan" and "Good Jiangnan"，"Nanniwan", which has been sung all over the country, depicts Nanniwan in this period。

As time goes by，The scene of Nanniwan as "Northern Shaanxi and Jiangnan" is long gone。Liu Li, the village cadre of Jiulongquan Village, Nanniwan Town, said: "Before the renovation，Farming depends on people and oxen pulling，The next heavy rain will blow a layer of mud，The landscape sheds a layer of skin，Busy for a whole year，Nothing gained，Had no choice but to go out to work to support the family，The paddy fields in the village are basically abandoned。”

Due to the special terrain of Nanniwan，The groundwater level is high，Coupled with poor drainage after rain，turning the original rice fields into deep wet depressions，Coupled with the extensive traditional rice planting model，Resulting in Nanniwan returning to "Landniwan"，The planting area was once less than 500 acres，The yield per mu is only 200~300 kilograms。

In order to improve the local ecological environment，dafabet loginBenefiting people’s livelihood，Let "Lanniwan" regain its former style of "Northern Shaanxi and Jiangnan"，Decision of the former Shaanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources and Yan’an Municipal Government，Carry out large-scale comprehensive remediation of Nanniwan land in advance，The total construction scale is more than 8,800 acres，Including Yangwangou、Two sub-projects in Jiulong Quangou。The Ministry of Natural Resources’ Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land has brought “scientific and technological momentum” to gully control and land reclamation。

“In addition to the large difference in soil thickness in the Nanniwan area，The biggest difficulty in rectification is to solve the problem of ‘too much water’。" said Han Jichang, director of the Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land of the Ministry of Natural Resources，“Due to special geological conditions，The groundwater level is too high，There are a large number of saline-alkali lands and wetlands that cannot be cultivated in Nanniwan。How to ‘drain’ and ‘irrigate’，Is the most critical issue in remediation。”

In solving the key difficulty of "too much water"，The scientific research team is based on traditional drainage，Repeated studies on soil water retention and soil flow，Finally, a method of intercepting ditches to control water was formed: digging intercepting ditches in areas with large differences in fields，Cut off water from upstream and mountain streams，At the same time，Control water level in intercepting ditch，Regulating groundwater。The Shui Shui Ditch achieves "storage during drought"，Discharge during flood season”，Solved the problem that wetlands under ditches could not be cultivated。

After the water interception ditch is built，Scientific researchers cut off the ditch again、The drainage ditch is connected to the irrigation system，Form an efficient irrigation and drainage system。According to the introduction of scientific researcher Wang Huanyuan，In times of drought, water from the main canal is directed into the intercepting ditch，During floods, excess water can be introduced into the main canal through the intercepting ditch and drained away，This will ‘stop’、Save、The combination of row and row，Scientific deployment of dams、Reservoir、Irrigation and drainage facilities，Connected by ditches，Solved the water source and irrigation and drainage problems。

"Land thickness difference，That is, the actual soil thickness that can grow plants。In Nanniwan area，Land in different areas，The actual soil thickness varies greatly。" said researcher Chen Tianqing。

In order to solve this problem，The scientific research team used land engineering survey technology，Detect the thickness of soil layers in different areas through technology，Group fields with similar soil thickness together。At the same time，Use mechanical operations to improve the flatness of these fields with similar soil thickness。Through scientific means，The soil thickness of the fields has reached unity，Improved the level of mechanized farming，Greatly improve the utilization rate of land。

To restore the damaged ecosystem of Nanniwan，The local area adopts reasonable planning，Enable rivers within land consolidation areas、The water in the pond and the rice fields complement each other，Form a benign water ecological cycle。At the same time，A cover plate was laid on each integrated irrigation and drainage canal，On the one hand, these covers facilitate the passage of organisms between fields，Rich farmland biodiversity；On the other hand，Easy for pedestrians and tourists to go deep into the fields，Improved the quality of eco-tourism。

As understood，Organic reconstruction of land mass in Nanniwan project area、Irrigation and Drainage、Field Road、After major engineering measures such as farmland protection and ecological environment maintenance，The local government also made reasonable adjustments to the planting structure in the project area，Rice and corn are the main food crops in the project area，Effectively improve the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of fields through organic reconstruction of soil，Effectively reduces soil erosion modulus，Planting farmland protection forest net at the same time 1.more than 70,000 plants，Increase the farmland forest network coverage rate in the project area，Achieve water retention、protect the soil、"Sanbaotian" for maintaining fertilizer。

"Comprehensive land improvement in Nanniwan project area，Improving the quality of farmland，Based on crop yield，Simultaneously improve the natural ecological environment in the local area，Gradually establish the relationship between man and nature、An ecosystem of coordinated development between environments，Amount of cultivated land achieved、Overall goal of coordinated development of quality and ecology。" Liu Xiaofei said。

After years of hard work，Now Nanniwan，Land concentration and contiguous area、Completely equipped、Stable and high yield、Eco-efficient，Suitable for sightseeing。The paddy field has been increased from the original low standard of more than 30 acres to the high standard of 1,500 acres，Change other areas suitable for sightseeing to high-standard irrigated areas，A total of more than 4,000 acres of abandoned farmland has been restored。And with "centralized connection、Completely equipped，Stable and high yield、The design concept of “sustainable efficiency”，While paying attention to ecological protection，Combined with the red tourism characteristics of Nanniwan，Incorporate modern elements，Through the application of systematic dafabet logininnovative technologies and engineering measures，Make this project an ecological and livelihood project、Renovation demonstration project and model project of ditch control and land reclamation，Restored the rice fields in the core area of ​​Nanniwan，Create landscape agriculture with modern facilities。

Industry experts pointed out，Nanniwan ditch control and land reclamation project，Use land engineering methods，Innovative land use model，Insist on combining with high-standard basic farmland construction，Integrated with agricultural modernization development，Integrated with the construction of ecological civilization，Integrated with overall planning of urban and rural development，Actively explore and solve the bottlenecks of land resources and ecological environment in ecologically fragile areas in the northwest region、Realized the mutual promotion of land creation, food increase and ecological construction。

Control ditches and protect ecology，Creating land to benefit people’s livelihood。Ditch control and land reclamation in Nanniwan，Regarded as an innovative move to develop modern agriculture and ecological protection in the hilly and ravine areas of the Loess Plateau，Realized society、Ecology、Three good harvests of economic benefits。

The "Green Revolution" driven by technology

Yan’an Nanniwan ditch control and land reclamation project，Achieving a win-win situation between ecological restoration and farmland protection in the Loess Plateau，Successful implementation of Nanniwan Demonstration Project，Explains the comprehensive land improvement，Using land engineering technology is the core key。

During the implementation of the Nanniwan project，Local governments and relevant scientific research units have always been researching and exploring core technologies suitable for comprehensive land consolidation in the Loess Plateau。After the scientific research team repeatedly studied the formation mechanism of soil water retention and soil midflow，Proposed the concept of "soil-flow non-power regulated irrigation" for the first time，And use the "comprehensive control technology of non-power regulated irrigation in channel soil"，Solved the problem of excessive groundwater level、Irrational development and utilization of water resources、Increased hidden dangers in ditch farmland and slopes、Problems such as secondary soil salinization。

As understood，Comprehensive control technology of mid-soil flow not only realizes the control and utilization of water resources，Improved the utilization efficiency of water resources，Realized flood, dredging and drought irrigation，Effectively prevented natural disasters such as droughts, floods, and soil erosion，Improved regional ecological environment，Realized sustainable utilization of land resources。

Proven by many years of practice，Successful experience in gully control and land reclamation in Nanniwan，Provides important theoretical basis and technical support for land engineering researchers who implement ditch control and land reclamation in other areas of Yan'an。

In the Dengou ditch control and land reclamation project area in Zhangjiawan Town, Fu County，Hung on the top of the mountain to "renovate ditches and create land"、Contribution in contemporary times、The slogan with red letters "Profit for the Future" is particularly eye-catching against the backdrop of green trees。The curved channels were transformed into flat fields，The crops that were recently sown are growing well，The green endless end as far as the eye can see。

According to project implementation technician Zhao Huapeng，The construction scale of the Zhangjiawan Town Dengou ditching and land reclamation land consolidation project is 5712 acres，This project not only adds high-quality farmland to the local area，Even through irrigation and drainage projects，Restore and construct 344 acres of paddy fields in the project area。In the construction and implementation of irrigation and drainage projects，The local area has used the comprehensive control technology of channel soil mid-flow non-power controlled irrigation in the Nanniwan project for reference，Surface water realized、Soil flow、Coordinated utilization of groundwater，Improved the utilization efficiency of water resources in the project area，It also provides a strong ecological guarantee for stable and high yields of rice。

The Yuanjiagou ditch control and land reclamation project area of ​​the Meishuiquan Street Office of Ganquan County, Yan'an City is divided into Luojiagou area、Dazhuang River Pian、Leijiagou film、Five areas of Wangzhuanggou area and Shijiagou area，During project implementation，The local area uses soil organic reconstruction technology，Construct soil in the project area，Use general exploration technology to divide fields with similar soil thickness，Group fields with similar soil thickness together，And use mechanical operations to improve the flatness of these fields with similar soil thickness，Make the soil thickness of the fields uniform。

In Ganquan County，Land consolidation not only enables the local area to transform from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture，It also provides farmers with diversified planting channels。The newly built greenhouses form a new landscape，Many villagers who went out to work have returned to the village and started farming again。Growing watermelons in greenhouses、Strawberry、Peach trees and other economic crops，The county not only provides subsidies for building greenhouses，It also provides helpful information and channels for purchasing and selling agricultural products，Let farmers’ road to prosperity become wider and wider。

In Gaojiahe Village, Shimen Town, Ganquan County，Village party secretary Zhang Zhiwan is standing at the head of the field with young people using his mobile phone to take pictures of the mechanized planting being implemented in the field。He introduced，Farmers must realize their dafabet logindream of being well-off，Land is the foundation。In recent years，The most popular project in the village is ditch construction and land reclamation。After returning farmland to forest，The contradiction between man and land in their village is quite prominent。After Ganquan County implemented ditch control and land reclamation，Guangta Village has added more than 1,000 acres of cultivated land，Not only low-yield fields have become high-yield fields，And realized the full mechanization of agricultural planting。This year，They planted mulched millet on a large scale through modern agricultural technology，At the same time, we also use online videos to promote sales，I hope their agricultural products can go out of northern Shaanxi，Going nationwide。

Constructing ditches and creating land，Develop modern agriculture，Is the key to attracting and retaining more villagers to return home to develop the agricultural industry，It is the solid foundation for Yan'an to win the battle against poverty and implement the rural revitalization strategy。As of the end of 2018，Yan’an City ditch control completed 47.240,000 acres，Built high-standard farmland area 31.340,000 acres，New cultivated land 9.290,000 acres，Cumulative increase in grain production in the project area is 8.40,000 tons。

May 7，Shaanxi Provincial Government Announced，Yanchuan, Yan'an City、Yichuan County has withdrawn from the list of poor counties。This marks that all impoverished counties in the revolutionary holy land of Yan'an have "removed their hats"，2.26 million people in the old areas have bid farewell to absolute poverty，Embarked on the happy road to a comprehensive well-off society。

Yan’an today，Continuously innovate efficient land use models，Accelerate agricultural modernization and move forward，Actively realize the combination of ditch control and land reclamation with industrial supporting facilities。In this land full of green，Vibrant modern agriculture、The booming red eco-tourism industry and the diversified breeding and fruit and vegetable industries are developing together、Move forward together。